caa a22 4500 60621934X CHVBK 20210128101117.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11104-014-2331-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11104-014-2331-2 Non-monotonic influence of biochar dose on bean seedling growth and susceptibility to Rhizoctonia solani [Elektronische Daten] the "Shifted Rmax-Effect” [Amit Jaiswal, Omer Frenkel, Yigal Elad, Beni Lew, Ellen Graber] Aims: Biochar affects the progress of plant diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, frequently featuring U-shaped biochar dose/disease response curves. This study tested this phenomenon in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with several biochars. Methods: Four biochars prepared from two feedstocks (eucalyptus wood and greenhouse wastes) each at 350 and 600°C were tested on bean seedling growth and infection caused by Rhizoctonia solani at concentrations of 0-3% by weight. Biochar direct toxicity to R. solani was quantified in vitro. Results: In general, lower concentrations (≤1%) of biochar suppressed damping-off, whereas higher concentrations (3%) were ineffective at disease protection. Plant growth in the absence of the pathogen was generally improved at all doses by the four biochars. Maximum growth response (G-Rmax) generally occurred at higher biochar doses than maximum disease reduction (D-Rmax). Direct toxicity to the pathogen could not explain disease reduction. Conclusion: Inverted U-shaped biochar dose/plant growth and biochar dose/disease reduction curves are emerging as common patterns in biochar/crop/pathogen systems. Frequently, the inflection between growth promotion and suppression occurs at different doses than the inflection between disease suppression and promotion. We term this the "Shifted Rmax-Effect”. As there is no simple rule-of-thumb for crop/soil/biochar/dose/pathogen combinations, the possible effects of biochar on plant pathogens should not be overlooked. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2014 Biotic stress nationallicence Hormesis effect nationallicence Plant disease nationallicence Plant productivity nationallicence Soil amendment nationallicence Soilborne pathogen nationallicence AUMPC : Area under mortality progress curve nationallicence CFU : Colony forming units nationallicence EC50 : Effective concentration for 50% growth inhibition nationallicence EUC : Eucalyptus wood chips nationallicence GC/MS : Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry nationallicence GHW : Greenhouse pepper plant wastes nationallicence HTT : Highest Treatment Temperature nationallicence RT : Retention time nationallicence Jaiswal Amit Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut Frenkel Omer Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut Elad Yigal Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut Lew Beni Department of Growing, Production and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut Graber Ellen Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut Plant and Soil Springer International Publishing 395/1-2(2015-10-01), 125-140 0032-079X 395:1-2<125 2015 395 11104 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2331-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2331-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jaiswal Amit Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Frenkel Omer Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Elad Yigal Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lew Beni Department of Growing, Production and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Graber Ellen Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant and Soil Springer International Publishing 395/1-2(2015-10-01), 125-140 0032-079X 395:1-2<125 2015 395 11104