caa a22 4500 606220003 CHVBK 20210128101121.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11104-015-2490-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11104-015-2490-9 Soil sampling in oil palm plantations: a practical design that accounts for lateral variability at the tree scale [Elektronische Daten] [Paul Nelson, Murom Banabas, Iain Goodrick, Michael Webb, Neil Huth, Damien O'Grady] Aims: The aim was to devise a practical soil sampling design for oil palm plantations that takes into account tree-scale variability, thus facilitating detection of trends in soil properties over time. Methods: We geometrically evaluated the ability of linear sampling transects to represent the distribution of typical management zones and radial patterns known to influence soil properties. The effect of sampling point density was tested using interpolated surfaces of soil biological, chemical and physical properties derived from values measured on a 35-point sampling grid covering the repeating tree unit in plantations with 15-25-year old palms. Results: The ability of sampling transects to represent the proportion of the plantation in various zones improved with increasing transect length and sampling density. Increasing the number of sampling points from 10 to 50 (using an acceptably long transect with length 5.57 × palm spacing) decreased the maximum deviation between the overall mean and the transect-derived mean from 15.9 to 5.6% for the most variable parameter, respiration, and 3.2 to 0.6% for the least variable parameter, bulk density. Conclusions: Transect sampling provides an efficient means of obtaining a composite soil sample that accounts for tree-scale variability in oil palm plantations. The method is readily adaptable for other tree crops. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015 Elaeis guineensis (Jacq.) nationallicence Sampling design nationallicence Soil analysis nationallicence Soil carbon nationallicence Spatial variability nationallicence Tree crop nationallicence Nelson Paul College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia aut Banabas Murom PNG Oil Palm Research Association, Kimbe, Papua New Guinea aut Goodrick Iain College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia aut Webb Michael Agriculture Flagship, CSIRO, Townsville, Australia aut Huth Neil Agriculture Flagship, CSIRO, Townsville, Australia aut O'Grady Damien College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia aut Plant and Soil Springer International Publishing 394/1-2(2015-09-01), 421-429 0032-079X 394:1-2<421 2015 394 11104 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2490-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2490-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nelson Paul College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Banabas Murom PNG Oil Palm Research Association, Kimbe, Papua New Guinea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Goodrick Iain College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Webb Michael Agriculture Flagship, CSIRO, Townsville, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Huth Neil Agriculture Flagship, CSIRO, Townsville, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- O'Grady Damien College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant and Soil Springer International Publishing 394/1-2(2015-09-01), 421-429 0032-079X 394:1-2<421 2015 394 11104