caa a22 4500 606231277 CHVBK 20210128101219.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10508-015-0479-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10508-015-0479-3 Retrospective Reports of Developmental Stressors, Syndemics, and Their Association with Sexual Risk Outcomes Among Gay Men [Elektronische Daten] [Tyler Tulloch, Nooshin Rotondi, Stanley Ing, Ted Myers, Liviana Calzavara, Mona Loutfy, Trevor Hart] Gay and bisexual men (GBM) continue to have a disproportionately higher HIV incidence than any other group in Canada and the United States. This study examined how multiple co-occurring psychosocial problems, also known as a syndemic, contribute to high-risk sexual behavior among GBM. It also examined the impact of early life adversity on high-risk sexual behavior as mediated by syndemic severity. A sample of 239 GBM completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Syndemic variables included depression, polysubstance use, and intimate partner violence. Early life adversity variables measured retrospectively included physical and verbal bullying by peers and physical and sexual abuse by adults. A Cochran-Armitage trend test revealed a proportionate increase between number of syndemic problems and engagement in high-risk sex (p<.0001), thereby supporting syndemic theory. All early life adversity variables were positively correlated with number of syndemic problems. A bootstrap mediation analysis revealed indirect effects of two types of early life adversity on high-risk sex via syndemic severity: verbal bullying by peers and physical abuse by adults. There was also an overall effect of physical bullying by peers on high-risk sexual behavior, but no specific direct or indirect effects were observed. Consistent with syndemic theory, results provide evidence that certain types of early life adversity impact high-risk sex later in life via syndemic problems. Behavioral interventions to reduce sexual risk among GBM should address anti-gay discrimination experienced before adulthood as well as adult psychological problems. The Author(s), 2015 Minority stress nationallicence Syndemics nationallicence HIV prevention nationallicence Bullying nationallicence Childhood abuse nationallicence Sexual orientation nationallicence Tulloch Tyler Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Rotondi Nooshin Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Ing Stanley Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Myers Ted Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Calzavara Liviana Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Loutfy Mona Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Hart Trevor Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Archives of Sexual Behavior Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 44/7(2015-10-01), 1879-1889 0004-0002 44:7<1879 2015 44 10508 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0479-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0479-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tulloch Tyler Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rotondi Nooshin Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ing Stanley Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Myers Ted Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Calzavara Liviana Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Loutfy Mona Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hart Trevor Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, M5B 2K3, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Archives of Sexual Behavior Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 44/7(2015-10-01), 1879-1889 0004-0002 44:7<1879 2015 44 10508