caa a22 4500 606232427 CHVBK 20210128101226.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10508-015-0493-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10508-015-0493-5 Gender Development in Indonesian Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Disorders of Sex Development [Elektronische Daten] [Annastasia Ediati, Achmad Juniarto, Erwin Birnie, Stenvert Drop, Sultana Faradz, Arianne Dessens] In most Western countries, clinical management of disorders of sex development (DSD), including ambiguous genitalia, begins at diagnosis soon after birth. For many Indonesian patients born with ambiguous genitalia, limited medical treatment is available. Consequently, affected individuals are raised with ambiguous genitalia and atypical secondary sex characteristics. We investigated gender identity and gender role behavior in 118 Indonesian subjects (77 males, 41 females) with different types of DSD in comparison with 118 healthy controls matched for gender, age, and residential setting (rural, suburban, or urban). In Study 1, we report on methodological aspects of the investigation, including scale adaptation, pilot testing, and determining reliability and validity of measures. In Study 2, we report on gender development in 60 children (42 boys, 18 girls), 24 adolescents (15 boys, 9 girls), and 34 adults (19 men, 15 women) with DSD. The majority of participants with DSD never received any medical or surgical treatment prior to this study. We observed a gender change in all age groups, with the greatest incidence in adults. Among patients who changed, most changed from female to male, possessed a 46,XY karyotype, and had experienced significant masculinization during life. Gender identity confusion and cross-gender behavior was more frequently observed in children with DSD raised as girls compared to boys. Puberty and associated masculinization were related to gender problems in individuals with 46,XY DSD raised female. An integrated clinical and psychological follow-up on gender outcome is necessary prior to puberty and adulthood. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Gender identity nationallicence Gender role behavior nationallicence Disorders of sex development nationallicence Intersexuality nationallicence Indonesia nationallicence Ediati Annastasia Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia aut Juniarto Achmad Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia aut Birnie Erwin Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut Drop Stenvert Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut Faradz Sultana Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia aut Dessens Arianne Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut Archives of Sexual Behavior Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 44/5(2015-07-01), 1339-1361 0004-0002 44:5<1339 2015 44 10508 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0493-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0493-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ediati Annastasia Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, 50275, Semarang, Indonesia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Juniarto Achmad Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Birnie Erwin Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Drop Stenvert Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Faradz Sultana Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dessens Arianne Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Archives of Sexual Behavior Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 44/5(2015-07-01), 1339-1361 0004-0002 44:5<1339 2015 44 10508