caa a22 4500 606232443 CHVBK 20210128101226.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10508-014-0452-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10508-014-0452-6 Prevalence of Gender Nonconformity in Flanders, Belgium [Elektronische Daten] [Eva Van Caenegem, Katrien Wierckx, Els Elaut, Ann Buysse, Alexis Dewaele, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Griet De Cuypere, Guy T'Sjoen] Gender nonconformity refers to the extent to which a person's gender identity, gender role and/or gender expression differs from the cultural norms prescribed for people of a particular sex, within a certain society and era. Most data on gender nonconformity focus on the prevalence of gender dysphoria (which also includes a distress factor) or on the number of legal sex changes. However, not every gender nonconforming individual experiences distress or applies for treatment. Population-based research on the broad spectrum of gender nonconformity is scarce and more information on the variance outside the gender binary is needed. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of gender incongruence (identifying stronger with the other sex than with the sex assigned at birth) and gender ambivalence (identifying equally with the other sex as with the sex assigned at birth) based on two population-based surveys, one of 1,832 Flemish persons and one of 2,472 sexual minority individuals in Flanders. In the general population, gender ambivalence was present in 2.2% of male and 1.9% of female participants, whereas gender incongruence was found in 0.7% of men and 0.6% of women. In sexual minority individuals, the prevalence of gender ambivalence and gender incongruence was 1.8 and 0.9% in men and 4.1 and 2.1% in women, respectively. With a current Flemish population of about 6 million, our results indicate a total of between 17,150 and 17,665 gender incongruent men and between 14,473 and 15,221 gender incongruent women in Flanders. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Gender identity nationallicence Gender dysphoria nationallicence Gender identity disorder nationallicence Gender nonconformity nationallicence Transsexualism nationallicence Van Caenegem Eva Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium aut Wierckx Katrien Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium aut Elaut Els Center for Sexology and Gender Problems (1B2), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium aut Buysse Ann Department for Experimental, Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium aut Dewaele Alexis Department for Experimental, Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium aut Van Nieuwerburgh Filip Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium aut De Cuypere Griet Center for Sexology and Gender Problems (1B2), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium aut T'Sjoen Guy Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium aut Archives of Sexual Behavior Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 44/5(2015-07-01), 1281-1287 0004-0002 44:5<1281 2015 44 10508 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0452-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0452-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van Caenegem Eva Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wierckx Katrien Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Elaut Els Center for Sexology and Gender Problems (1B2), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Buysse Ann Department for Experimental, Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dewaele Alexis Department for Experimental, Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van Nieuwerburgh Filip Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- De Cuypere Griet Center for Sexology and Gender Problems (1B2), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- T'Sjoen Guy Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Archives of Sexual Behavior Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 44/5(2015-07-01), 1281-1287 0004-0002 44:5<1281 2015 44 10508