caa a22 4500 606234802 CHVBK 20210128101239.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11010-015-2527-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11010-015-2527-7 Direct localisation of molecules in tissue sections of growing antler tips using MALDI imaging [Elektronische Daten] [Santanu Deb-Choudhury, Wenying Wang, Stefan Clerens, Chris McMahon, Jolon Dyer, Chunyi Li] The astonishing growth rate of deer antlers offers a valuable model for the discovery of novel factors and regulatory systems controlling rapid tissue growth. Numerous molecules have been identified in growing antlers using a variety of techniques. However, little is known about the spatial distribution of these molecules in situ. A technique that has the potential to help in this regard is direct proteomic analysis of tissue sections by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). The present study applied this technique to spatially map molecules in antler tissue sections. Two protonated molecular ions were selected: m/z 6679 and m/z 6200 corresponding to VEGF and thymosin beta-10, respectively. Superimposition of the respective ion images on to histologically stained samples showed distinct spatial distribution across the antler tissue sections which were consistent with the previous reports using in situ hybridization. Two other molecular ions specifically m/z 8100 and m/z 11,800 were also selected, corresponding to reported masses of urocortin precursor and thioredoxin, respectively. As the spatial distribution of these proteins is not specifically known, MALDI-IMS was used as a potential technique to obtain information on their distribution on antler tips. The presence of all these molecules in deer antlers were further confirmed using LC-MS/MS data. The present study also demonstrated that MALDI-IMS could be further used to image antler sections with an extended ion mass range of up to m/z 45,000, thus potentially increasing the ability to discover the distribution of a larger set of molecules that may play an important role in antler growth. We have thus demonstrated that MALDI-IMS is a promising technique for generating molecular maps with high spatial resolution which can aid in evaluating the function of novel molecules during antler growth. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Deer nationallicence Antler nationallicence MALDI-IMS nationallicence Growth centre nationallicence Proliferation nationallicence Deb-Choudhury Santanu AgResearch, Food & Bio-Based Products, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand aut Wang Wenying AgResearch Invermay Agricultural Centre, 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand aut Clerens Stefan AgResearch, Food & Bio-Based Products, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand aut McMahon Chris AgResearch Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand aut Dyer Jolon AgResearch, Food & Bio-Based Products, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand aut Li Chunyi AgResearch Invermay Agricultural Centre, 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand aut Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 409/1-2(2015-11-01), 225-241 0300-8177 409:1-2<225 2015 409 11010 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-015-2527-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-015-2527-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Deb-Choudhury Santanu AgResearch, Food & Bio-Based Products, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wang Wenying AgResearch Invermay Agricultural Centre, 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Clerens Stefan AgResearch, Food & Bio-Based Products, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McMahon Chris AgResearch Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dyer Jolon AgResearch, Food & Bio-Based Products, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Chunyi AgResearch Invermay Agricultural Centre, 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 409/1-2(2015-11-01), 225-241 0300-8177 409:1-2<225 2015 409 11010