caa a22 4500 60623683X CHVBK 20210128101249.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11010-015-2354-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11010-015-2354-x The antiatherogenic effect of bixin in hypercholesterolemic rabbits is associated to the improvement of lipid profile and to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [Elektronische Daten] [Sabrina Somacal, Cassieli Figueiredo, Andréia Quatrin, Amanda Ruviaro, Lisiane Conte, Paula Augusti, Miguel Roehrs, Ione Denardin, Jocieli Kasten, Marcelo da Veiga, Marta Duarte, Tatiana Emanuelli] Hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. We investigated whether the carotenoid bixin (BIX) may reduce oxidative damage, inflammatory response, and the atherosclerotic lesion induced by hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Rabbits received regular chow (control) or a hypercholesterolemic diet (0.5% cholesterol) alone or supplemented with BIX (10, 30 or 100mg/kg body weight, b.w.) or simvastatin (15mg/kg b.w.) for 60days. Treatment with BIX or simvastatin reduced the atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabbits (up to 55 and 96% reduction, respectively). This protective effect of BIX was accompanied by decrease in the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha by 15%, interleukin 6 by 19%, lipid peroxidation by 60%, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) by 37%, and triglycerides by 41%. BIX increased by 160% the HDL-C levels and decreased by 67% the atherogenic index of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. In atherosclerotic rabbits, the non-protein thiol groups content and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and thioredoxin reductase were increased in the aortic tissue, whereas paraoxonase activity was reduced in the serum. All these changes were completely prevented by BIX or simvastatin treatment. These results demonstrate that BIX reduces the extent of atherosclerotic lesions and this effect was associated with the decrease in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and improvement of dyslipidemia, which were most effectively controlled after treatment with 10-30mg BIX/kg b.w. BIX consumption may, therefore, be an adjuvant to prevent atherosclerosis reducing risk factors for coronary diseases. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Inflammation nationallicence High-density lipoprotein cholesterol nationallicence Carotenoids nationallicence Lipid peroxidation nationallicence Atheroma plaques nationallicence Annatto nationallicence Somacal Sabrina Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-9003, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Figueiredo Cassieli Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Quatrin Andréia Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-9003, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Ruviaro Amanda Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Conte Lisiane Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Augusti Paula Department of Food Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil aut Roehrs Miguel Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-9003, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Denardin Ione Polytechnical High School, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Kasten Jocieli Department of Morphology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut da Veiga Marcelo Department of Morphology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Duarte Marta Department of Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, 97020-001, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Emanuelli Tatiana Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 403/1-2(2015-05-01), 243-253 0300-8177 403:1-2<243 2015 403 11010 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-015-2354-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-015-2354-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Somacal Sabrina Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-9003, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Figueiredo Cassieli Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Quatrin Andréia Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-9003, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ruviaro Amanda Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Conte Lisiane Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Augusti Paula Department of Food Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Roehrs Miguel Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-9003, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Denardin Ione Polytechnical High School, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kasten Jocieli Department of Morphology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- da Veiga Marcelo Department of Morphology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Duarte Marta Department of Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, 97020-001, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Emanuelli Tatiana Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 403/1-2(2015-05-01), 243-253 0300-8177 403:1-2<243 2015 403 11010