caa a22 4500 606241299 CHVBK 20210128101312.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00508-015-0741-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00508-015-0741-7 A retrospective, case-control study on traditional environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease in Vukovar-Srijem County, north-eastern Croatia, 2010 [Elektronische Daten] [Aleksandar Vcev, Davorin Pezerovic, Zeljko Jovanovic, Darko Nakic, Ivan Vcev, Ljiljana Majnarić] Summary: Background: Traditional environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), were examined as part of the retrospective epidemiologic study conducted in Vukovar-Srijem County, north-eastern Croatia in 2010. The geographical variations in the frequency of IBD in Croatia have been observed, which is also the trend in the Central Eastern European region and Europe as a whole, indicating the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors. However, the data on the spread of environmental IBD risk factors are still limited. The purpose of this study was to analyse the traditional environmental risk factors in IBD on our cohort sample, including measles virus infection and vaccination (MMR vaccine—Mumps, Measles, Rubella), tonsillectomy, appendectomy, current and former cigarette smoking and use of oral contraceptives in women. Methods: This retrospective, case-control study was performed as a part of a wider epidemiologic study aimed at assessing the incidence, prevalence and clinical expression of IBD, in Vukovar-Srijem County (population: 204,768; 2001), which is a lesser developed part of the continental Croatia that experienced deep demographic changes in the recent past. IBD patients were identified according to the hospital's patient records. There were 119 UC patients and 31 CD patients of a total of 150 patients in the cohort. A total of 150 individuals, volunteers, not having a diagnosis of IBD, age- and sex-matched, were used as the control group. Information on examined risk factors were obtained from all subjects in a previously conducted interview. Patients were contacted personally or by phone and interviewed by a gastroenterologist. Results: There were no differences in the number of smokers, former smokers and non-smokers, between UC and CD patients and the controls, nor in the duration of smoking (years), in current smokers and ex-smokers. Only marginally significant longer time of non-smoking, in ex-smokers was found in IBD patients, compared to the controls, more pronounced in CD patients (p = 0.05). No difference was found in relation to tonsillectomy and risk of IBD. There was no difference in the number of female IBD patients and women from the controls using oral contraceptives. Duration (years) of oral contraceptives use was longer in women from the controls than in female IBD patients (p < 0.001). Frequency of appendectomy was the lowest in UC patients, compared to the controls and CD patients (3.4, 12.0 and 38.7 %, respectively) (p < 0.001). No difference was found in relation to measles virus infection and risk of IBD. MMR vaccination rates were higher in CD patients (90.3 %), compared to UC patients and the controls (74.8 and 67.3 %, respectively) (p = 0.026). Conclusions: No association was found between smoking and tonsillectomy and risk of IBD. Our results do not support the idea of oral contraceptives use as a risk factor for IBD. Frequency of appendectomy was the lowest in UC patients, suggesting that appendectomy decreases the risk of UC, contributing the earlier results. MMR vaccination seemed to be associated with Crohn's disease. These results can add value to our understanding of the increasing incidence of IBD in Croatia and other Central Eastern European countries and can be introductory to future large-scale research. Springer-Verlag Wien, 2015 Inflammatory bowel disease nationallicence Environmental risk factors nationallicence Retrospective case-control study nationallicence North-eastern Croatia nationallicence Vcev Aleksandar Clinic for Internal Medicine, "J. J. Strossmayer” University, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia aut Pezerovic Davorin General Hospital Vinkovci, Vinkovci, Croatia aut Jovanovic Zeljko "J. J. Strossmayer” University, School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia aut Nakic Darko General Hospital Zadar, Zadar, Croatia aut Vcev Ivan University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia aut Majnarić Ljiljana Department of Family Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Medical School Osijek, University of Osijek, "J. J. Strossmayer” University, School of Medicine, Strossmayerova 105, Osijek, Croatia aut Wiener klinische Wochenschrift Springer Vienna 127/9-10(2015-05-01), 345-354 0043-5325 127:9-10<345 2015 127 508 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-015-0741-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-015-0741-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vcev Aleksandar Clinic for Internal Medicine, "J. J. Strossmayer” University, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pezerovic Davorin General Hospital Vinkovci, Vinkovci, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jovanovic Zeljko "J. J. Strossmayer” University, School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nakic Darko General Hospital Zadar, Zadar, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vcev Ivan University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Majnarić Ljiljana Department of Family Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Medical School Osijek, University of Osijek, "J. J. Strossmayer” University, School of Medicine, Strossmayerova 105, Osijek, Croatia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Wiener klinische Wochenschrift Springer Vienna 127/9-10(2015-05-01), 345-354 0043-5325 127:9-10<345 2015 127 508