caa a22 4500 606242627 CHVBK 20210128101319.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12602-014-9183-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12602-014-9183-1 The Natural Antimicrobial Subtilosin A Synergizes with Lauramide Arginine Ethyl Ester (LAE), ε-Poly- l -lysine (Polylysine), Clindamycin Phosphate and Metronidazole, Against the Vaginal Pathogen Gardnerella vaginalis [Elektronische Daten] [Veronica Cavera, Anna Volski, Michael Chikindas] Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common, recurrent vaginal infection linked to increased chances of preterm delivery, incidence of sexually transmitted infections and fertility problems. BV is caused by a shift of the vaginal ecosystem from predominately Lactobacillus to a multispecies Actinomyces biofilm with the most common representatives identified as Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella spp. Current treatments have been associated with increased resistance as well as negative effects on healthy microbiota. The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic potential of ten two-antimicrobial combinations against G. vaginalis and four representative lactobacilli. The four tested antimicrobials were lauramide arginine ethyl ester, ε-poly-l-lysine, clindamycin phosphate, metronidazole and the bacteriocin subtilosin A. The use of bacteriocins as either synergist or alternative treatment positions bacteriocins as an excellent alternative to current antibiotics. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each of the antimicrobials individually, and the checkerboard assay was used to evaluate these MICs in combination. Clindamycin and subtilosin (CS), and metronidazole and subtilosin were synergistic against G. vaginalis in terms of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). All tested combinations were found to have Bliss synergy. The combination of clindamycin and polylysine (CP) was identified as antagonistic against L. acidophilus in terms of both FICI and Bliss synergy. The combination of clindamycin and metronidazole (CM) was antagonistic against L. vaginalis for both FICI and Bliss synergy. The combinations of CP, clindamycin and LAE, CS, and LAE and polylysine were identified as Bliss antagonistic against L. vaginalis but did not indicate FICI antagonism. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Bacteriocin nationallicence Antimicrobial nationallicence Synergy nationallicence Bacterial vaginosis nationallicence Cavera Veronica Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers State University, 76 Lipman Drive, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA aut Volski Anna School of Arts and Science, Rutgers State University, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA aut Chikindas Michael School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA aut Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 7/2(2015-06-01), 164-171 1867-1306 7:2<164 2015 7 12602 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-014-9183-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-014-9183-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cavera Veronica Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers State University, 76 Lipman Drive, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Volski Anna School of Arts and Science, Rutgers State University, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chikindas Michael School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 7/2(2015-06-01), 164-171 1867-1306 7:2<164 2015 7 12602