caa a22 4500 606243658 CHVBK 20210128101325.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11694-014-9221-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11694-014-9221-4 Concentrations and health risk assessment of metals in chewing gums, peppermints and sweets in Nigeria [Elektronische Daten] [Chukwujindu Iwegbue, Francisca Bassey, Godswill Tesi, Loretta Overah, Sunday Onyeloni, Bice Martincigh] The concentrations of nine metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni and Co) were measured in selected brands of chewing gums, peppermints and sweets in Nigeria with a view to providing information on the concentration profiles and dietary intakes of metals, and the life-long health hazards associated with the consumption of these food items. The metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry after acid digestion of the samples. The measured mean concentrations of metals in the chewing gums, peppermints and sweets were 0.16-2.21µg/g Cd, 0.06-6.42µg/g Cr, 0.13-13.94µg/g Mn, <0.25-15.0µg/g Pb, 0.08-9.81µg/g Cu, 3.0-33.00µg/g Zn, 10.75-140.69µg/g Fe, <0.25-4.88µg/g Ni and 0.08-3.44µg/g Co. The estimated daily intake values of Cd, Pb and Co exceeded their tolerable intake limits, while the intakes of essential metals, such as Zn and Fe, from the consumption of these food items were very low and do not contribute significantly to the dietary requirements of Zn and Fe. The individual metal and combined metals target hazard quotient ( $$\sum$$ ∑ THQ) values were high. These indicate a serious cause of concern for both the children and adults that consume these products on a regular basis. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2014 Metals nationallicence Dietary intakes nationallicence Target hazard quotient nationallicence Chewing gums nationallicence Peppermints nationallicence Sweets nationallicence Nigeria nationallicence Iwegbue Chukwujindu Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria aut Bassey Francisca Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria aut Tesi Godswill Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria aut Overah Loretta Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria aut Onyeloni Sunday Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria aut Martincigh Bice School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, 4000, Durban, South Africa aut Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 9/2(2015-06-01), 160-174 2193-4126 9:2<160 2015 9 11694 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-014-9221-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-014-9221-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Iwegbue Chukwujindu Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bassey Francisca Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tesi Godswill Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Overah Loretta Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Onyeloni Sunday Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Martincigh Bice School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, 4000, Durban, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 9/2(2015-06-01), 160-174 2193-4126 9:2<160 2015 9 11694