caa a22 4500 606245111 CHVBK 20210128101333.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12567-015-0074-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12567-015-0074-4 Passive versus active hazard detection and avoidance systems [Elektronische Daten] [D. Neveu, G. Mercier, J.-F. Hamel, V. Simard Bilodeau, S. Woicke, M. Alger, D. Beaudette] Upcoming planetary exploration missions will require advanced guidance, navigation and control technologies to reach landing sites with high precision and safety. Various technologies are currently in development to meet that goal. Some technologies rely on passive sensors and benefit from the low mass and power of such solutions while others rely on active sensors and benefit from an improved robustness and accuracy. This paper presents two different hazard detection and avoidance (HDA) system design approaches. The first architecture relies only on a camera as the passive HDA sensor while the second relies, in addition, on a Lidar as the active HDA sensor. Both options use in common an innovative hazard map fusion algorithm aiming at identifying the safest landing locations. This paper presents the simulation tools and reports the closed-loop software simulation results obtained using each design option. The paper also reports the Monte Carlo simulation campaign that was used to assess the robustness of each design option. The performance of each design option is compared against each other in terms of performance criteria such as percentage of success, mean distance to nearest hazard, etc. The applicability of each design option to planetary exploration missions is also discussed. The Author(s), 2015 Neveu D. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut Mercier G. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut Hamel J.-F NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut Simard Bilodeau V. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut Woicke S. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands aut Alger M. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut Beaudette D. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut CEAS Space Journal Springer Vienna 7/2(2015-06-01), 159-185 1868-2502 7:2<159 2015 7 12567 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-015-0074-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-015-0074-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Neveu D. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mercier G. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hamel J.-F NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Simard Bilodeau V. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Woicke S. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Alger M. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beaudette D. NGC Aerospace Ltd, 1650 rue King Ouest, Bureau 202, J1J 2C3, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- CEAS Space Journal Springer Vienna 7/2(2015-06-01), 159-185 1868-2502 7:2<159 2015 7 12567