caa a22 4500 606247521 CHVBK 20210128101345.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12262-013-0847-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12262-013-0847-y Cariati Andrea General Surgery, San Martino, IST, University Hospital, Via Fratelli Coda 67/5 A, 16166, Genoa, Italy aut Gallstone Classification in Western Countries [Elektronische Daten] [Andrea Cariati] In order to compare gallstone disease data from India and Asian countries with Western countries, it is fundamental to follow a common gallstone classification. Gallstone disease has afflicted humans since the time of Egyptian kings, and gallstones have been found during autopsies on mummies. Gallstone prevalence in adult population ranges from 10 to 15%. Gallstones in Western countries are distinguished into the following classes: cholesterol gallstones that contain more than 50% of cholesterol (nearly 75% of gallstones) and pigment gallstones that contain less than 30% of cholesterol by weight, which can be subdivided into black pigment gallstones and brown pigment gallstones. It has been shown that ultrastructural analysis with scanning electron microscopy is useful in the classification and study of pigment gallstones. Moreover, x-ray diffractometry analysis and infrared spectroscopy of gallstones are of fundamental importance for an accurate stone analysis. An accurate study of gallstones is useful to understand gallstone pathogenesis. In fact, bacteria are not important in cholesterol gallstone nucleation and growth, but they are important in brown pigment gallstone formation. On the contrary, calcium bilirubinate is fundamental in black pigment gallstone formation and probably also plays an important role in cholesterol gallstone nucleation and growth. Association of Surgeons of India, 2013 Gallstone classification nationallicence Cholesterol gallstones nationallicence Black pigment gallstones nationallicence Brown pigment gallstones nationallicence Indian Journal of Surgery Springer India 77(2015-12-01), 376-380 0972-2068 77<376 2015 77 12262 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-013-0847-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-013-0847-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Cariati Andrea General Surgery, San Martino, IST, University Hospital, Via Fratelli Coda 67/5 A, 16166, Genoa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Indian Journal of Surgery Springer India 77(2015-12-01), 376-380 0972-2068 77<376 2015 77 12262